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Creators/Authors contains: "ElGhoraiby, M.A."

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  1. The effects of small inherent variability of soil density on the consequences of liquefaction such as lateral spreading and excessive settlements may have significant practical implications. Here, the effect of variability on soil density is evaluated for mildly sloping soil specimens that are tested in a series of centrifuge tests at different facilities. While every effort was made to prepare the specimens with uniform densities, the achieved densities at different facilities showed a small variation relative to the target density. This paper presents an attempt to investigate the impact of such variability on the expected response of the soil, particularly when it reaches a liquefaction state. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted using a non-linear effective stress analysis and an elastoplastic constitutive model for sand. The simulation results show that the small variation of density in the soil specimen leads to a relatively small range of variation for lateral displacements, acceleration, and excess pore pressure ratios. However the range of settlements calculated on the ground surface was rather large, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 8% to 30% depending on the type of variability considered. Potential reasons for such drastic differences among various components of the soil response are discussed. 
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